The following are tips for getting your host to be able to connect over the modem to
another computer. This is appropriate for establishing a terminal session with a remote
host.
This is useful to log onto a BBS.
This kind of connection can be extremely helpful to get a file on the Internet if you
have problems with PPP. If you need to FTP something and PPP is broken, use the terminal
session to FTP it. Then use zmodem to transfer it to your machine.
Actually, the manual page for tip is out of date. There is a
generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use at=hayes in
your /etc/remote file.
The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of the advanced features of
newer modems--messages like BUSY, NO
DIALTONE, or CONNECT 115200 will just confuse it. You
should turn those messages off when you use tip (using ATX0&W).
Also, the dial timeout for tip is 60 seconds. Your modem
should use something less, or else tip will think there is a communication problem. Try
ATS7=45&W.
Note: As shipped, tip does not yet support Hayes
modems fully. The solution is to edit the file tipconf.h in the
directory /usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip. Obviously you need the
source distribution to do this.
Edit the line #define HAYES 0 to #define HAYES 1. Then make and make install. Everything works nicely after that.
Make what is called a ``direct'' entry in your /etc/remote
file. For example, if your modem is hooked up to the first serial port, /dev/cuaa0, then put in the following line:
cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none
Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br capability. Then, type tip cuaa0 and you will be connected to your modem.
If there is no /dev/cuaa0 on your system, do this:
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV cuaa0
Or use cu as root with the
following command:
# cu -lline -sspeed
line is the serial port (e.g./dev/cuaa0) and speed is the speed
(e.g.57600). When you are done entering the AT commands hit ~. to exit.
The @ sign in the phone number capability tells tip to look
in /etc/phones for a phone number. But the @ sign is also a special character in capability files like /etc/remote. Escape it with a backslash:
pn=\@
Put what is called a ``generic'' entry in your /etc/remote
file. For example:
tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
Then you can do things like:
# tip -115200 5551234
If you prefer cu over tip, use a
generic cu entry:
cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
and type:
# cu 5551234 -s 115200
Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is appropriate with
the br capability. tip thinks a good default is 1200 bps
which is why it looks for a tip1200 entry. You do not have to
use 1200 bps, though.
Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing CONNECT
<host> each time, use tip's cm capability. For
example, these entries in /etc/remote:
pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
:cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
:cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:
will let you type tip pain or tip
muffin to connect to the hosts pain or muffin, and tip
deep13 to get to the terminal server.
This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines and several
thousand students trying to use them.
Make an entry for your university in /etc/remote and use
@ for the pn capability:
big-university:\
:pn=\@:tc=dialout
dialout:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:
Then, list the phone numbers for the university in /etc/phones:
big-university 5551111
big-university 5551112
big-university 5551113
big-university 5551114
tip will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If
you want to keep retrying, run tip in a while loop.
Ctrl+P is the default ``force'' character,
used to tell tip that the next character is literal data. You
can set the force character to any other character with the ~s
escape, which means ``set a variable.''
Type ~sforce=single-char
followed by a newline. single-char is any single
character. If you leave out single-char, then the force
character is the nul character, which you can get by typing Ctrl+2 or Ctrl+Space. A pretty
good value for single-char is Shift+Ctrl+6, which is
only used on some terminal servers.
You can have the force character be whatever you want by specifying the following in
your $HOME/.tiprc file:
force=<single-char>
You must have pressed Ctrl+A, tip's ``raise character,'' specially designed for people with broken
caps-lock keys. Use ~s as above and set the variable raisechar to something reasonable. In fact, you can set it to the
same as the force character, if you never expect to use either of these features.
Here is a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who
need to type Ctrl+2 and Ctrl+A a lot:
force=^^
raisechar=^^
The ^^ is Shift+Ctrl+6.
If you are talking to another UNIX® system, you can
send and receive files with ~p (put) and ~t (take). These commands run cat and echo on the remote system to accept and send files. The syntax
is:
~p local-file [remote-file]
~t remote-file [local-file]
There is no error checking, so you probably should use another protocol, like
zmodem.
To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, type ~C rz to begin receiving them locally.
To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. Then, type ~C sz files to send them to the
remote system.
